Qeexid: Waa Maxay “Hash”?

Ereyga “Hash” ayaa ka dhigan, ama la micno ah wax la isku-qasay, ama la isku mil-miyay, waxaana qarniyadii hore loo adeegsan jiray cuntada, ka hor inta aan IT-ga iyo tignoolajiyadda loo adeegsan, iyadoo la odhan jiray “Hashing Food“, oo la micno ah cuntadii ama hilibkii waa la shiiday, ama la ridqay.

Hash: Waa hab xogta lagu maldahayo, oo lagu dadayo, oo wax la fahmi karo sida erayga “SAMAAN” looga dhigayo wax aan la fahmi karin sida “158859C74E2A289………5FB96AD45E”, kaasoo u taagan summad ama astaan u gaar ah ereyga “SAMAAN” si la mid ah “Cryptography“, laakiin ku kala duwan dhinacyo dhowr ah.

Mid ka mid ah waxyaabaha ugu waa-weyn ee ay ku kala duwan yihiin “Hash” iyo “Cryptography” waa qaab adeegsiga, iyadoo Cryptography la awoodo in xogta la dado, sidoo kalena dib loogu soo celiyo sidii hore ee ay ahayd, oo laga qaado wixii lagu daday, hasa yeeshee Hashing-ka kaliya waa la dadi karaa, dibna looma soo celin karo xogta.

Hashing-ka markii la joogo xogta kaliya waa la dadi karaa:

• Data → Hash Function → Hash

 

Hasa yeeshee, markii la joogo Cryptography xogta waa la dadi karaa, dibna waa loogu soo celin karaa sideedii hore:

• Decrypted Data → Encryption Function → Encrypted Data
• Decrypted Data ← Decryption Function ← Encrypted Data 

 

Hadii aynu soo koobno “Cryptography” xogta waa lagu dadi karaa, sidoo kale dadnaata waa laga rogi karaa, oo xogtii asalkeedii hore baa lagu celin karaa, halka “Hashing-ku” isagu kaliya xogta la dadi karo, ee lama awoodo in xogta sidii hore lagu soo celiyo.

Hash waa natiijo ka dhalata markii xog la bedelo oo la marsiiyo hab gaar ah, oo loo yaqaan “Hash Function“, kaasoo ah habka ama nooca mishiinka bedelaya xogta.

Sida ay mishiinada cuntada ama sharaabka ridqa ama shiida ay u kala duwan yihiin, oo midba natiijo gaar ah uu ku siinayo, ayay sidoo kale hababka loo bedelo xogta ama qaababka la adeegsanayo in lagu bedelo xogta ay u kala duwan yihiin, laakiin ka qaacido ahaan way siman yihiin, waana tan qaacidada ama xeerka ay marayaan:

• Data → Hash Function → Hash
• Xogta → Habka ama nooca la adeegsanayo si loo bedelo xogta → Natiijada Hash-ka

 

Habkan Hashing-ka ah ayaa lagu ogaadaa runimada xogta, iyadoo la sii marsiinayo hab ama qalab, amaba nooc ka mid ah noocyada Hashing-ka, taasoo nasiinaysa qiimo go’an, oo leh dherer ga’on, sida:

“SHA” oo laga soo gaabiyay “Secure Hash Algorithm“, oo ah hab ama nooc ka mid ah noocyada Hash Function-ka, kaasoo isagu noocyo u sii kala baxa:

• SHA-1 
• SHA-256 (Waana tan ay Bitcoin adeegsato)
• SHA-384 
• SHA-512 

 

Iyo qaar kale, sida:

• MD5
• Scrypt
• Argon2
• Iyo noocyo kale oo badan

 

Dhammaan noocyadan ama hababkan waa habab xogta u bedelaya wax aan la fahmi karin oo tiro iyo xarfo ah, mid kastana wuxuu leeyahy xawaare, heer amni, iyo dherer u gaar ah, mid walibana shaqo gaar ah buu ku habboon yahay.

Hadii aynu tusaale ahaan u soo qaadano ereyga “SAMAAN“,  kaasoo ka kooban xarfo waa-weyn, waxaan helaynaa:

- "SAMAAN" ➝ SHA-1 ➝ fb25a761b1111b1a44fce33dcf165bb0ee52fcaa
- "SAMAAN" ➝ SHA-256 ➝ 158859c74e2a28992882b579e8ea2800f1e4744bf06ca18481a4cf5fb96ad45e
- "SAMAAN" ➝ SHA-384 ➝ ab52b3cda4b327e16cf4739a7eff54ae7020d9c10b146ed34333f1aa960ebd161c0fa5edb63c92a370b90f2c034595b0
- "SAMAAN" ➝ SHA-512 ➝ db5bf100b16092b73b98ccb07781a43565dac2a1e99961fcd7157bd473612e8eb046cdf85100e9e40c4a5afc7281aa39e5672e6cc832463b6eac3c1fc487e240
- "SAMAAN" ➝ MD5 ➝ 02b1dbb4f3e1f217cde3bee66b995858
- …

Hada waa isla ereygii, laakiin waa kala natiijo, iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay habka ama nooca ama Hash Fucntion-ka la adeegsaday.

Adiguba tijaabi, oo Browser-kaaga ku qor nooca Hash Function ee aad rabto, dabeeto gali erayga aad rabto inuu kuu Hashing gareeyo, wuxuu ku siinayaa natiijo go’an, hadii aad xitaa isla ereyga aynu adeegsanay ee ah “SAMAAN“‘ galiso, wuxuu ku siinayaa isla natiijada noo soo baxday.

Waxaa xusid mudan, markii Hashing-ka la joogo hadii wax yar laga bedelo xogta, waxaa is bedelaya Hash-ka gabi ahaantii, xitaa hadii isla xarafkii wax laga bedelo sida “H” ➝ “h“, ama lagu daro wax yar “h.“, sidan halkan hoose kaaga muuqata:

- "SAMAAN" ➝ SHA-256 ➝ 158859c74e2a28992882b579e8ea2800f1e4744bf06ca18481a4cf5fb96ad45e
- "SAMAAn" ➝ SHA-256 ➝ 36450bfef2fd41a5cc28ab7b432274bd6be445d0ac31a4db6db492dae28d073b
- "SAMAAN." ➝ SHA-256 ➝ 21ea63e1926a9c94541d633d8af2ca5c9c635c2e309b5fc3d42a29ae22c26443

Is-bedel kastoo lagu sameeyo xogta, waxaa gabi ahaanba is bedelaya Hash-ka, taasoo ina tusinaysa runnimada xogta, sababtoo ah hadii xogta Blockchain-ka ku jirta wax yar laga bedelo waxaa gabi ahaanba is-bedelaya Hash-kii, hadii uu Hash-kii is-bedelana waxaa khasab noqonaysa in la bedelo dhammaan Hash-yada ka danbeeya, taasoo aan sinnaba ku suuragal ahayn. 

TS, hadii aad buug caadi ah wax ku diiwaan galinayso, oo muddo kadib aad u baahato in aad wax ka bedesho meel ka mid ah buuga, waxaa fudud inaad bedesho, adigoon dhibaato saas ah la kulmin.

Hasa yeeshee, diiwaanka Blockchain waa diiwaan isku xidh-xidhan, oo sidii silsilad ah, sida magacaba ina tusinayo “Chain” oo ah silsilad, hadii la damco in wax laga bedelo, waxaa lagu khasbanaanayaa in meesha wax laga bedelayo waxa ka danbeeyo oo dhan la bedelo, maxaa yeelay way isku xidhan yihiin.

Hadiiba aad ku guulaysato inaad xogta Blockchain ku jirto wax ka bedesho, sidoo kalena meeshii aad wax ka bedeshay wixii ka danbeeya aad bedesho, si ay iskula jaanqaadaan, waxaa hadana ku hortaagan dhib kale oo aad uga weyn tii hore ee ku haysatay.

Taasoo ah inaad hadana ku khasban tahay inaad bedesho Diiwaanka guud ee Blockchain, ileen markii hore waxaad wax ka bedelaysay nuqul ka mid ah Diiwaanka Blockchain ee kuu gaarka ah, ee wax kama bedelayn Diiwaanka guud.

Sida aynu soo sheegnay, Blockchain waa diiwaan daah-furan, oo daafaha dunida ku fidsan, oo aynu ula jeedno in nuqulo badan laga hayo diiwaankan, hadii la damco in wax laga bedelo diiwaanka guud waxaa lagu khasbanaanayaa in la bedelo dhammaan ama ugu badnaan nuqulada laga hayo Blockchain, taasoo u muuqata wax aan sinnaba ku suuragalayn, gaar ahaan hadii ay shabakadu tahay mid aad dunida ugu fidsan, sida Bitcoin.

Sow ma araktaan sida ay u adag tahay in Bitcoin wax laga bedelo, amaba la faragaliyaba, waxaana ka qayb qaadanaya Hashing-ka, kaasoo ina tusinaya runimada xogta

Wuxuuna Hash-ku ka qaybqaataa amniga shabakada, ileen waa kan hubinaya runimada xogta, hadii wax yar ay xogtu is bedesho, dhammaan wixii ka danbeeyay ayaa is bedelaya, halkaas oo aynu ku ogaanayno in wax la bedelay, dabeetana uu system-ku ama ay shabakadu diidayso is-bedelkaas, sidaasina uu ku dhicisoobayo.

Hash-ku waa natiijo ka dhalata markii xog la sii dhex marsiiyo hab ama nooc ama Hash Function gaar ah, kaasoo ina siinaya qiimo go’an, oo aan sinnaba isku bedeli karin.

Si kooban, Hash-ku waa in xogta la isku qaso, oo la jajabiyo, isla markaana la bedelo, si loo helo natiijo go’an, iyadoo ujeedooyin kala duwan loo adeegsanayo.